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Masstick’s legacy.
DKI marine is a balanced food, which has been developed to satisfy the nutritional needs of omnivorous marine fish from the coral reef biotope.
DKI marine comes in the form of tender granules and neutral buoyancy. It is available in grain sizes of Ø 0.8 mm, Ø 1.2 mm and Ø 2 mm.
DKI marine'smain ingredient is freeze-dried shrimp (Palaemonetes varians) coming from our Veta de la Palma fisheries located in the Doñana Natural Space.
The microalgae (Nannochloropsis, Tetraselmis, Isochrysis, and Phaeodactylum) included in its formula provide fatty acids, completely natural vitamins, functional compounds and bioactive ingredients which preserve and boost the marine fishes’ immune system and general health.
Thanks to its essential amino-acid contents, its fatty acid contents, and its fully bio-available micronutrients, which are all involved in the fishes’ metabolic pathways, the product’s morphological and organoleptic characteristics, together with its highly valuable biological proteins, means that the DKI marine granules are a food system based on a holistic concept of nutrition for coral reef marine fish.
DKI 1,3 β-glucan
β-Glucans represent a powerful, valuable and well-documented immunostimulant for improving immune status and increasing disease resistance in farmed fish. The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum is characterized by its high content of bioactive molecules, such as the omega-3 fatty acid EPA, the carotenoid pigment fucoxanthin, and chrysolaminarin, a water-soluble polysaccharide made up of glucose monomers joined by a β-(1, 3) with limited β-(1,6) branching.
Among the known immunostimulatory effects of fish diets enriched in P. tricornutum, it is worth highlighting:
i) increased hemolytic activity of complement.
ii) the stimulation of the phagocytic activity and the respiratory activity of the leukocytes of the cephalic kidney
iii) increased serum levels of IgM, the main adaptive humoral response and commonly the only class of immunoglobulin described in fish.
iv) increased expression of IL-8, a proinflammatory cytokine that contributes (acting together with IL-1 and TNFα) to host defense mechanisms in response to bacterial invasion or colonization.
In addition, extracts enriched with chrysolaminarin have demonstrated their ability to: i) stimulate the expression of the chaperone hsp90aa and the antimicrobial peptide hamp1, thus modulating the NF-κB pathway and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages, ii) modulating immune genes key factors, such as glucan receptor c-type lectin (clec), interferon-related factors irf3 and irf7, TNFα, the chemokine cxc10, g-type lysozyme, cd4, and IL-1β, supporting a immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect and iii) modulate the intestinal microbiome, reducing bacteria of the Vibrio genus.
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